|
Hadhrami or Ḥaḍrami Arabic (()) is a dialect of Arabic spoken by the Hadhrami people or ''Ḥaḍārima'' living in the (unicode:Ḥaḍramawt). It is also spoken by many emigrants who migrated from the (unicode:Ḥaḍramawt) to the Horn of Africa (Somalia and Eritrea), East Africa (Comoros, Zanzibar, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique), Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore) and, recently, to the other Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Below is a brief account of the different linguistic levels of the dialect. ==Phonology== The dialect in many towns and villages in the ''Wādī'' (valley) and the coastal region is characterised by its ج -yodization, i.e. changing Classical Arabic reflex to the approximant ي . In this it resembles some Eastern Arabian and Gulf dialects including the dialects of Basra in Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the dialects of the other Arab Emirates. In educated speech, ج is realised as a voiced palatal plosive or affricate in some lexical items which are marked (religious ) or (educated ) (see ق below). The ق reflex is pronounced as a voiced velar in all lexical items throughout the dialect. In some other Arabic dialects, is realised as a voiceless uvular plosive in certain lexemes which are marked (religious ), (educational ) etc., e.g. “Qur’an”. With the spread of literacy and contact with speakers of other Arabic dialects, future sociolinguistic research may reveal whether HA is going to witness innovation like using the uvular in certain lexemes while retaining the velar for others. Wādī HA makes ث, ت , and ذ, د , distinction but ض and ظ are both pronounced ظ whereas Coastal HA merges all these pairs into the stops د, ت and ض (, and ) respectively. In non-emphatic environments, is realised open front (slightly raised) unrounded . Thus “second; psn. name” which is normally realised with an -like quality in the Gulf dialects is realised with an in HA. This dialect is characterised by not allowing final consonant clusters to occur in final position. Thus Classical Arabic “girl” is realised as . In initial positions, there is a difference between the ''Wādī'' and the coastal varieties of HA. Coastal HA has initial clusters in “he wants”, “onions” and “mail (n.)” while ''Wādī'' HA realises the second and third words as and respectively. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hadhrami Arabic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|